Pelimpahan jasa
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Pelimpahan jasa, pelimpahan kebajikan, persembahan jasa, atau persembahan kebajikan (Pali: pattidāna, pattānumodanā;[2][note 1] Sanskerta: परिणमन, pariṇāmanā)[note 2] adalah suatu tindakan standar dari latihan spiritual Buddhis ketika jasa atau kebajikan dari seseorang dilimpahkan kepada kerabat yang telah meninggal, orang tua, leluhur, dewa, atau semua makhluk hidup. Dalam Buddhisme Theravāda, pelimpahan jasa juga merupakan satu dari sepuluh basis puñña (kebajikan).
Pelimpahan jasa ini dilakukan dengan cara melakukan perbuatan yang selaras darma, dan menyatakan atau meniatkan bahwa perbuatan tersebut dilakukan demi makhluk (atau mendiang) yang ditujukan.
Catatan
- ^ Dalam teks berbahasa Pāli awal, patti mengacu pada pelimpahan jasa ke makhluk hidup lain, sedangkan pattānumodanā mengacu pada pemindahan ke makhluk mati.[3]
- ^ Secara alternatif dieja sebagai pariṇāma atau paraṇāmanā.[4]
Referensi
- ^ Calkowski, Marcia (2006b). "Thailand". In Riggs, Thomas (ed.). Worldmark Encyclopedia of Religious Practices. Vol. 3. Farmington Hills: Thomson Gale. hlm. 447. ISBN 0-7876-6614-9.
- ^ Hara, Minoru (2002) [1994]. "Transfer of Merit in Hindu Literature and Religion". Dalam Takashima, Jun (ed.). Minoru Hara Pasupata Studies. Motilal Banarsidass. hlm. 137. ISBN 3-900271-35-6.
- ^ Gombrich 1971, hlm. 215–9.
- ^ Hardacre 2014, hlm. 128.
Daftar pustaka
- Bechert, Heinz (1992), "Buddha-field and transfer of merit in a Theravāda source", Indo-Iranian Journal, no. Vol. 35, Issues 2–3, July 1992, pp. 95–108
- Brekke, T. (1998), "Contradiction and the merit of giving in Indian religions", Numen, 45 (3): 287–320, doi:10.1163/1568527981562131, JSTOR 3270424
- Egge, James (2013), Religious Giving and the Invention of Karma in Theravada Buddhism, Hoboken: Taylor and Francis, ISBN 978-1-136-85915-1
- Falk, Monica Lindberg (April 2010), "Recovery and Buddhist Practices in the Aftermath of the Tsunami in Southern Thailand", Journal, 40 (2): 96–103, doi:10.1016/j.religion.2009.12.002
- Gombrich, Richard (1 January 1971), "'Merit Transference' in Sinhalese Buddhism: A Case Study of the Interaction between Doctrine and Practice", History of Religions, 11 (2): 203–219, doi:10.1086/462651, JSTOR 1061922
- Gombrich, Richard F. (2006), Theravāda Buddhism: A Social History From Ancient Benares to Modern Colombo (PDF) (Edisi 2), New York: Routledge, ISBN 978-0-203-08864-7, diarsipkan dari asli (PDF) tanggal 3 May 2016
- Gombrich, Richard (2009), What the Buddha thought (Edisi 1), London [u.a.]: Equinox Publishing, ISBN 978-1-84553-612-1
- Gómez, Luis O. (2000), "Buddhism as a Religion of Hope: Observations on the 'Logic' of a Doctrine and its Foundational Myth", The Eastern Buddhist, 32 (1): 1–21, JSTOR 44362241
- Gómez, Luis O. (2002), Land of bliss: The paradise of the Buddha of measureless light (Sanskrit and Chinese versions of the Sukhāvatīvyūha sutras) (Edisi 1 [Indian]), Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN 9788120818132
- Gutschow, Kim (2004), Being a Buddhist nun: the struggle for enlightenment in the Himalayas (Edisi online), Cambridge (Mass.): Harvard university press, ISBN 0-674-01287-9
- Hardacre, Helen (2014), Lay Buddhism in Contemporary Japan: Reiyukai Kyodan, Princeton University Press, ISBN 978-1-4008-5537-7
- Harvey, Peter (2000), An Introduction to Buddhist Ethics: Foundations, Values and Issues, New York: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-511-07584-1
- Harvey, Peter (2012), An Introduction to Buddhism: Teachings, History and Practices (Edisi 2), Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-1-139-85126-8
- Holt, John C. (1 January 1981), "Assisting the Dead by Venerating the Living: Merit Transfer in the Early Buddhist Tradition", Numen, 28 (1): 1–28, doi:10.2307/3269794, JSTOR 3269794
- Keyes, Charles F. (1 January 1977), "Millennialism, Theravada Buddhism, and Thai Society", The Journal of Asian Studies, 36 (2): 283–302, doi:10.2307/2053724, JSTOR 2053724
- Keyes, Charles F. (1983), "Merit-Transference in the Kammic Theory of Popular Theravāda Buddhism", dalam Keyes, Charles F.; Daniel, E. Valentine (ed.), Karma: An Anthropological Inquiry (Edisi 2), Berkeley u.a.: University of California Press, hlm. 261–86, ISBN 978-0-520-04429-6
- Keyes, Charles F. (1987), "From Death to Birth: Ritual Process and Buddhist Meanings in Northern Thailand", Folk (29): 181–206
- Lamotte, Etienne (1988), History of Indian Buddhism: from the origins to the Saka era (PDF), diterjemahkan oleh Webb-Boin, Sara; Dantinne, Jean (Edisi English), Louvain-la-Neuve: Université catholique de Louvain, Institut orientaliste, ISBN 90-6831-100-X, diarsipkan dari asli (PDF) tanggal 2015-02-15, diakses tanggal 2020-06-10
- Pye, Michael; Strong, John S. (1987), "Merit", dalam Lindsay, Jones (ed.), Encyclopedia of religion, vol. 9 (Edisi 2), Detroit: Thomson Gale, ISBN 0-02-865742-X
- Malalasekera, G. P. (1967), "'Transference of Merit' in Ceylonese Buddhism", Philosophy East and West, 17: 85, doi:10.2307/1397047, JSTOR 1397047, diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal 28 March 2015
- Marasinghe, MMJ (2003), "Puñña", dalam Malalasekera, GP; Weeraratne, WG (ed.), Encyclopaedia of Buddhism, vol. 7, Sri Lanka: Government of Ceylon
- McDermott, James P. (1 January 1975), "The Kathāvatthu Kamma Debates", Journal of the American Oriental Society, 95 (3): 424–433, doi:10.2307/599354, JSTOR 599354
- Nyanatiloka (1980), "Patti-dāna", Buddhist dictionary: manual of Buddhist terms and doctrines (Edisi 4th rev.), Kandy, Sri Lanka: Buddhist Publication Society, hlm. 265, ISBN 9552400198, diakses tanggal 19 September 2016
- Padma; Barber (2009), Buddhism in the Krishna River Valley of Andhra, State University of New York Press
- Schopen, Gregory (1997), Bones, Stones, and Buddhist Monks: Collected Papers on the Archaeology, Epigraphy, and Texts of Monastic Buddhism in India (PDF), Univ. of Hawai'i Press, ISBN 0-8248-1748-6, diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi aslinya tanggal 2018-06-05, diakses tanggal 2020-06-10
- Skilling, Peter (2005), "Worship and devotional life: Buddhist devotional life in East Asia", dalam Jones, Lindsay (ed.), Encyclopedia of Religion, vol. 14 (Edisi 2), Detroit: Thomson Gale, ISBN 0-02-865983-X
- Tanabe, George J., jr. (2004), "Merit and merit-making", dalam Buswell, Robert E. (ed.), Encyclopedia of Buddhism, vol. 2, New York (u.a.): Macmillan Reference USA, Thomson Gale, ISBN 0-02-865720-9 Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (link)
- Thomas, Edward J. (1953), The History Of Buddhist Thought, Routledge and Kegan Paul Limited
- Wayman, Alex (1997), Untying the Knots in Buddhism: Selected Essays, Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN 9788120813212
- Williams, Paul (2008), Mahayana Buddhism: The Doctrinal Foundations (PDF) (Edisi 2), Taylor & Francis e-Library., ISBN 978-0-203-42847-4, diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi aslinya tanggal 5 June 2018
Pranala luar
- About the practice of transfer of merit by Sharon Salzberg, Beliefnet, archived from the original on 5 June 2018
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