Kamp konsentrasi Mauthausen-Gusen
48°15′25″N 14°30′04″E / 48.25694°N 14.50111°E
| Mauthausen | |
|---|---|
| Kamp konsentrasi Nazi | |
 Pendatang baru setelah perjalanan selama seminggu di gerbong kereta terbuka  Tampilan luar dari pintu masuk kamp utama | |
| Letak | Mauthausen, Austria Hulu |
| Komandan | Albert Sauer Franz Ziereis |
| Beroperasi | 1938 – Mei 1945 |
| Tahanan | Tahanan politik, Yahudi, Polandia, tawanan perang Soviet |
| Jumlah tahanan | 190.000[1] |
| Jumlah tahanan tewas | Lebih dari 90.000[1] |
| Dibebaskan oleh | Angkatan Darat Amerika Serikat, 3–6 Mei 1945 |
Kamp konsentrasi Mauthausen-Gusen adalah pusat dari kelompok besar kamp konsentrasi Nazi yang dibangun di sekitaran desa Mauthausen dan Sankt Georgen an der Gusen (Gusen) di Austria Hulu, dan berjarak 20 kilometer (12 mi) dari timur kota Linz. Kamp tersebut dioperasikan dari masa Anschluss, ketika Austria dianeksasi ke dalam Reich Ketiga Jerman pada awal 1938, sampai awal Mei 1945, pada akhir Perang Dunia Kedua.
Referensi
Catatan kaki
Kutipan
- ^ a b Freund & Kranebitter (2016), hlm. 56.
Daftar pustaka
- KZ Gusen Memorial Committee (corporate author) (1997). "KZ Gusen I Concentration Camp at Langenstein". The Nizkor Project. Nizkor. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 2006-10-02. Diakses tanggal 2006-04-10. ;
- Robert Abzug (1987). Inside the Vicious Heart. Oxford: Oxford University Press. hlm. 106–110. ISBN 0-19-504236-0.
- Günter Bischof; Anton Pelinka (1996). Austrian Historical Memory and National Identity. Transaction Publishers. hlm. 185–190. ISBN 1-56000-902-0.
- Donald Bloxham (2003). Genocide on Trial: War Crimes Trials and the Formation of Holocaust History and Memory. Oxford: Oxford University Press. hlm. 210. ISBN 0-19-925904-6.
- Daniel Patrick Brown (2002). The Camp Women: The Female Auxiliaries Who Assisted the SS in Running the Nazi Concentration Camp System. Schiffer Publishing. hlm. 288. ISBN 0-7643-1444-0.
- Michael Burleigh (1997). Ethics and Extermination: Reflections on Nazi Genocide. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. hlm. 210–211. ISBN 0-521-58816-2.
- Adam Cyra (2004). "Mauthausen Concentration Camp Records in the Auschwitz Museum Archives". Auschwitz-Birkenau Memorial and Museum. Historical Research Section, Auschwitz-Birkenau Museum. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal September 30, 2006. Diakses tanggal 2006-04-11.
- Michał Derela (2005). "The prices of Polish armament before 1939". The PIBWL military site. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 2018-02-01. Diakses tanggal 2006-05-22.
- (Polandia) Stanisław Dobosiewicz (1977). Mauthausen/Gusen; obóz zagłady. Warsaw: Ministry of National Defence Press. hlm. 449. ISBN 83-11-06368-0.
- (Polandia) Stanisław Dobosiewicz (1980). Mauthausen/Gusen; Samoobrona i konspiracja. Warsaw: Wydawnictwa MON. hlm. 486. ISBN 83-11-06497-0.
- (Polandia) Stanisław Dobosiewicz (2000). Mauthausen-Gusen; w obronie życia i ludzkiej godności. Warsaw: Bellona. hlm. 191–202. ISBN 83-11-09048-3.
- (Polandia) various authors (1962). Marian Filip; Mikołaj Łomacki (ed.). Wrogom ku przestrodze: Mauthausen 5 maja 1945. Warsaw: ZG ZBoWiD. hlm. 135.
- (Polandia) Piotr Filipkowski (2005). "Auschwitz w drodze do Mauthausen". Europe According to Auschwitz. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal September 28, 2007. Diakses tanggal 2006-04-11. ;
- (Jerman) Florian Freund; Harald Greifeneder (2005). "Zeltlager". mauthausen-memorial.at. Diakses tanggal 2006-05-16.
- various authors; Henry Friedlander (1981). "The Nazi Concentration Camps". Dalam Michael D. Ryan (ed.). Human Responses to the Holocaust Perpetrators and Victims, Bystanders and Resisters. Lewiston, New York: Edwin Mellen Press. hlm. 33–69. ISBN 0-88946-901-6.
- Dale Fuchs (October 2005). "Nazi war criminal escapes Costa Brava police search". Guardian (October 17, 2005). Diakses tanggal 2013-09-25.
- (Polandia) Władysław Gębik (1972). Z diabłami na ty. Gdańsk: Wydawnictwo Morskie. hlm. 332.
- Martin Gilbert (1987). The Holocaust: A History of the Jews of Europe During the Second World War. Owl Books. hlm. 976. ISBN 0-8050-0348-7.
- (Polandia) Stanisław Grzesiuk (1985). Pięć lat kacetu. Warsaw: Książka i Wiedza. hlm. 392. ISBN 83-05-11108-3.
- Rudolf Haunschmied; Harald Faeth (1997). "B8 "BERGKRISTALL" (KL Gusen II)". Tunnel and Shelter Researching. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 2006-06-14. Diakses tanggal 2006-04-26.
- Rudolf A. Haunschmied; Jan-Ruth Mills; Siegi Witzany-Durda (2008). St. Georgen-Gusen-Mauthausen – Concentration Camp Mauthausen Reconsidered. Norderstedt: Books on Demand. hlm. 289. ISBN 978-3-8334-7610-5. OCLC 300552112.
- (Ceko) Stanislav Hlaváček (2000). "Historie KTM". Koncentrační Tábor Mauthausen; Pamětní tisk k 55. výročí osvobození KTM. Diakses tanggal 2006-05-18. ; ; ;
- (Polandia) Jerzy Kirchmayer (1978). Powstanie warszawskie. Warsaw: Książka i Wiedza. hlm. 576. ISBN 83-05-11080-X.
- (Polandia) Stefan Krukowski (1966). "Pamięci lekarzy". Nad pięknym modrym Dunajem; Mauthausen 1940–1945. Tadeusz Żeromski (foreword). Warsaw: Książka i Wiedza. hlm. 292–297. PB 9330/66. ;
- (Polandia) Various authors (2009). Andrzej Kunert (ed.). Człowiek człowiekowi… Niszczenie polskiej inteligencji w latach 1939–1945 KL Mauthausen/Gusen. Warsaw: Rada Ochrony Pamięci Walk i Męczeństwa. hlm. 104.
- KZ-Gedenkstaette Mauthausen (corporate author). "Parachute Jump". Mauthausen Memorial. KZ-Gedenkstaette Mauthausen. Diakses tanggal 2013-09-23.
- Bruno Maida. "The gas chamber of Mauthausen – History and testimonies of the Italian deportees; A Brief history of the camp". National Association of Italian political deportees in the Nazi concentration camps. Fondazione Memoria della Deportazione. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 2006-06-05.
- Hans Maršálek (1968). Konzentrazionslager Gusen. Vienna. hlm. 32. Pemeliharaan CS1: Lokasi tanpa penerbit (link)
- (Jerman) Hans Maršálek (1995). Die Geschichte des Konzentrationslagers Mauthausen. Wien-Linz: Österreichischen Lagergemeinschaft Mauthausen u. Mauthausen-Aktiv Oberösterreich.
- (Polandia) Adam Myczkowski (1946). Poprzez Dachau do Mauthausen-Gusen. Kraków: Księgarnia Stefana Kamińskiego. hlm. 31.
- (Jerman) M.S. (2000). "Linz – Eisenwerke Oberdonau". Österreichs Geschichte im Dritten Reich. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 2007-03-11. Diakses tanggal 2006-04-11.
- (Polandia) Stanisław Nogaj (1945). Gusen; Pamiętnik dziennikarza. Katowice-Chorzów: Komitet byłych więźniów obozu koncentracyjnego Gusen. hlm. 64.
- David Wingeate Pike (2000). Spaniards in the Holocaust: Mauthausen, Horror on the Danube. London: Routledge. hlm. 480. ISBN 0-415-22780-1.
- Tadeusz Piotrowski (1998). Poland's holocaust: ethnic strife, collaboration with occupying forces and genocide in the Second Republic, 1918–1947. McFarland.
- Elizabeth C. Richardson (1995). "United States vs. Leprich". Administrative Law and Procedure. Thomson Delmar Learning. hlm. 162–164. ISBN 0-8273-7468-2. ;
- various authors (2008). Amy Schmidt; Gudrun Loehrer (ed.). "The Mauthausen Concentration Camp Complex: World War II and Postwar Records" (PDF). Reference Information Paper. 115. Washington, DC: National Archives and Records Administration: 145–148. Diakses tanggal 2013-09-23.
- James Schmidt (2005). ""Not These Sounds": Beethoven at Mauthausen" (PDF). Philosophy and Literature. 29. Boston: Boston University: 146–163. doi:10.1353/phl.2005.0013. ISSN 0190-0013. Diakses tanggal 2014-04-22.
- Michael Shermer; Alex Grobman (2002). "The Gas Chamber at Mauthausen". Denying History: Who Says the Holocaust Never Happened and Why Do They Say It?. University of California Press. hlm. 168–175. ISBN 0-520-23469-3. ;
- (Polandia) sm (2006-04-03). "Pracownicy muzeum Auschwitz zeskanowali już kartotekę Mauthausen". 61. rocznica wyzwolenia Auschwitz. Polish Press Agency. Diakses tanggal 2006-04-11.
- Albert Speer (1970). Inside The Third Reich. New York: The Macmillan Company. ISBN 0-88365-924-7.
- (Slovenia) STA, mm (May 2012). "Taborišče, v katerem je umrlo 1500 Slovencev". Mladina (13. 5. 2012). ISSN 1580-5352. Diakses tanggal 2012-11-16.
- Jack Taylor (2003). "OSS Archives: The Dupont Mission". The BLAST; UDT-SEAL Association. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 2006-01-27. Diakses tanggal 2006-04-28.
- Marc Terrance (1999). Concentration Camps: A Traveler's Guide to World War II Sites. Universal Publishers. ISBN 1-58112-839-8.
- UDT-SEAL Association (corporate author) (2006). "Jack Taylor, American Agent Who Survived Mauthausen". Jewish Virtual Library. Diakses tanggal 2006-04-28.
- Chris van Uffelen (2010). Contemporary Museums – Architecture, History, Collections. Braun Publishing. hlm. 150–153. ISBN 9783037680674.
- Geoffrey R. Walden (2000-07-20). "Gusen Concentration Camp / Project B-8 "Bergkristall" Tunnel System". The Third Reich in Ruins. Diakses tanggal 2015-04-15.
- James Waller (2002). Becoming Evil: How Ordinary People Commit Genocide and Mass Killing. Oxford: Oxford University Press. hlm. 3–5. ISBN 0-19-514868-1.
- Gary Weissman (2004). Fantasies of Witnessing: Postwar Efforts to Experience the Holocaust. Cornell University Press. hlm. 2–3. ISBN 0-8014-4253-2.
- Simon Wiesenthal Center (corporate author). "Selected Holocaust Glossary: Terms, Places and Personalities". Florida Holocaust Museum webpage. Florida Holocaust Museum. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal December 8, 2006. Diakses tanggal 2006-04-12. ;
- Samuel H. Williamson (March 2011). "Seven Ways to Compute the Relative Value of a U.S. Dollar Amount, 1774 to present". MeasuringWorth.
- (Polandia) Zbigniew Wlazłowski (1974). Przez kamieniołomy i kolczasty drut. Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie. hlm. 184. PB 1974/7600.
- (Polandia) various authors; Włodzimierz Wnuk (1961). "Śmiertelne kąpiele". Oskarżamy! Materiały do historii obozu koncentracyjnego Mauthausen-Gusen. Katowice: Klub Mauthausen-Gusen ZBoWiD. hlm. 20–22. ;
- (Polandia) Włodzimierz Wnuk (1972). "Z Hiszpanami w jednym szeregu". Byłem z wami. Warsaw: PAX. hlm. 100–105. ;
- (Polandia) Tadeusz Żeromski (1983). Kazimierz Rusinek (ed.). Międzynarodówka straceńców. Warsaw: Książka i Wiedza. hlm. 76+19. ISBN 83-05-11175-X.
- (Spanyol) various authors (2005). "Historia de los campos de concentración: El sistema de campos de concentración nacionalsocialista, 1933–1945: un modelo europeo". Memoriales históricos, 1933–1945. ;
- (Norwegia) Verdens Gang (corporate author) (2010-11-15). "Norske vakter jobbet i Hitlers konsentrasjonsleire". Verdens Gang (15–11–2010). ISSN 0805-5203. Diakses tanggal 2014-04-22. ;
Bacaan tambahan
- Evelyn Le Chêne (1971). Mauthausen, The History of a Death Camp. London: Methuen. hlm. 296. ISBN 0-416-07780-3.
- Snyder, Timothy D. (2015). Black Earth. The Holocaust As History and Warning. ISBN 978-1-101-90346-9.
- Austrian Ministry of the Interior (corporate author) (2005). Das sichtbare Unfassbare / The Visible Part – Fotografien aus dem Konzentrationslager Mauthausen/ Photographs of Mauthausen Concentration Camp. Vienna: Mandelbaum Verlag. hlm. 220. ISBN 978385476-158-7.
Pranala luar
Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai Konzentrationslager Mauthausen.
- USHMM United States Holocaust Memorial Museum contains more than 500 pictures of Mauthausen-Gusen
- Interviews with American servicemen imprisoned at Mauthausen
Konten ini disalin dari wikipedia, mohon digunakan dengan bijak.
