Ekspedisi Phipps 1773 menuju Kutub Utara

Ekspedisi Phipps 1773 menuju Kutub Utara adalah sebuah ekspedisi Royal Navy yang diperintahkan oleh Royal Society dan secara khusus oleh wakil presidennya Daines Barrington, yang meyakini Laut Kutub Terbuka bebas es. Dua kapal bom, missing name dan missing name, dimodifikasi untuk perlindungan yang lebih besar melawan es dan berlayar menuju Kutub Utara pada musim panas 1773 di bawah komando Constantine Phipps dan Skeffington Lutwidge. Kapal-kapal tersebut terjebak es di dekat Svalbard. Laporan perjalanan tersebut, yang diterbitkan oleh Phipps pada 1774, berisi deskripsi ilmiah pertama dari beruang kutub, ivory gull, dan naked sea butterfly.
Referensi
Catatan
Kutipan
Daftar pustaka
- An Officer of the Squadron (October 1773a). "The Polar Expedition, being the Journal of a Voyage towards the North Pole". The Westminster Magazine, or, the Pantheon of Taste (dalam bahasa English). 1. London: W. Goldsmith: 573–578. Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (link)
- An Officer of the Squadron (November 1773b). "The Polar Expedition, being the Journal of a Voyage towards the North Pole". The Westminster Magazine, or, the Pantheon of Taste (dalam bahasa English). 1. London: W. Goldsmith: 623–625. Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (link)
- Engel, Samuel (1765). Memoires et observations geographiques et critiques sur la situation des pays septentrionaux de l'Asie et de l'Amerique, d'apres les relations les plus recentes. Auxquelles on a joint un Essai sur la route aux Indes par le nord, & sur un commerce tres vaste & tres riche a etablir dans la mer du Sud. Avec deux nouvelles cartes dressees conformement a ce systeme. Par Mr. *** (dalam bahasa Prancis). Chez Antoine Chapuis, imprimeur. Diakses tanggal 2021-05-16.
- Fjågesund, Peter (2008). "When Science Came to the Arctic : Constantine Phipps's Expedition to Spitsbergen in 1773". Journal of Northern Studies (2): 77–91.
- Goodwin, Peter (2019-05-16). Nelson's Arctic Voyage: The Royal Navy's first polar expedition 1773 (dalam bahasa Inggris). Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4729-5416-9. Diakses tanggal 2021-05-14.
- Lewis-Jones, Huw W.G. (October 2005). "Nelson and the bear: the making of an Arctic myth". Polar Record (dalam bahasa Inggris). 41 (4): 335–353. Bibcode:2005PoRec..41..335L. doi:10.1017/S0032247405004675. S2CID 202156909. Diakses tanggal 2021-05-18.
- Markham, Albert Hastings (1879). Northward Ho! (dalam bahasa Inggris). Macmillan.
- Newbery, Francis, ed. (1774). The Journal of a Voyage undertaken by order of his present Majesty, for making discoveries towards the North Pole, by the Hon. Commodore Phipps, and Captain Lutwidge, in his Majesty's sloops Racehorse and Carcase. To which is prefixed, An Account of the several Voyages undertaken for the discovery of a North East Passage to China and Japan. A different work from that written by C. J. Phipps, under the title of "A Voyage towards the North Pole," etc (dalam bahasa Inggris). F. Newbery. Diakses tanggal 2021-05-20.
- Norsk Polarinstitut. "Place names in Norwegian polar areas". placenames.npolar.no (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal 2022-01-16.
- Phipps, Constantine John (1774). A voyage towards the North Pole : undertaken by His Majesty's command, 1773. London: Printed by W. Bowyer and J. Nichols for J. Nourse. ISBN 978-0-665-28500-4.
- Savours, Ann (1983-01-01). "The Younger Cleveley and the Arctic 1773–4". The Mariner's Mirror. 69 (3): 301–304. doi:10.1080/00253359.1983.10655927. ISSN 0025-3359.
- Savours, Ann (1984). ""A Very Interesting Point in Geography": The 1773 Phipps Expedition towards the North Pole". Arctic. 37 (4): 402–428. doi:10.14430/arctic2224. ISSN 0004-0843. JSTOR 40510304.
- Williams, Glyndwr (2002). Voyages of delusion : the Northwest Passage in the Age of Reason. HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-00-257181-4.
- McGrath, Tim (August 2015). "I Fear Nothing". Naval History. 29 (4). United States Naval Institute.
Pranala luar
Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai A voyage towards the North Pole - undertaken by His Majesty's command, 1773 (1774).
- Full text of Phipps' Voyage towards the North Pole, from a 1775 edition combined with Hawkesworth's Account
Konten ini disalin dari wikipedia, mohon digunakan dengan bijak.


