Berikut ini adalah daftar antariksawan yang ikut serta dalam misi-misi program luar angkasa Uni Soviet dan Badan Antariksa Federal Rusia, yang meliputi etnis Rusia dan orang berkewarganegaraan lainnya.

Empat antariksawati ikut serta pada program Soviet/Rusia: Valentina Tereshkova, Svetlana Savitskaya, Elena V. Kondakova, dan Elena O. Serova^[1]

• Viktor Mikhaylovich Afanasyev — Soyuz TM-11, Soyuz TM-18, Soyuz TM-29, Soyuz TM-33/32
• Vladimir Aksyonov — Soyuz 22, Soyuz T-2
• Aleksandr Pavlovich Aleksandrov — Soyuz T-9, Soyuz TM-3
• Ivan Anikeyev (1933—1992) — Didepak dari program Vostok; tidak terbang.
• Anatoly Artsebarsky* — Soyuz TM-12
• Yuri Artyukhin (1930–1998) — Soyuz 14
• Oleg Atkov — Soyuz T-10/11
• Toktar Aubakirov* — Soyuz TM-13/12
• Sergei Avdeyev — Soyuz TM-15, Soyuz TM-22

• Aleksandr Balandin — Soyuz TM-9
• Yuri Baturin — Soyuz TM-28/27, Soyuz TM-32/31
• Pavel Belyayev (1925–1970) — Voskhod 2
• Georgi Beregovoi* (1921–1995) — Soyuz 3
• Anatoly Berezovoy (1942-2014) — Soyuz T-5/7
• Valentin Bondarenko (1937-1961) — Tidak terbang.
• Andrei Borisenko — Soyuz TMA-21
• Nikolai Budarin — STS-71/Soyuz TM-21, Soyuz TM-27, STS-113/Soyuz TMA-1
• Valery Bykovsky — Vostok 5, Soyuz 22, Soyuz 31/29

• Vladimir Dezhurov — Soyuz TM-21/STS-71
• Georgy Dobrovolsky* (1928–1971) — Soyuz 11
• Lev Dyomin (1926–1998) — Soyuz 15
• Vladimir Dzhanibekov* — Soyuz 27/26, Soyuz 39, Soyuz T-12, Soyuz T-13

• Konstantin Feoktistov (1926–2009) — Voskhod 1
• Valentin Filatyev (1930—1990) — Didepak dari program Vostok; tidak terbang.
• Anatoly Filipchenko — Soyuz 7, Soyuz 16

• Yuri Gagarin (1934–1968), Orang pertama di luar angkasa. — Vostok 1
• Yuri Gidzenko* — Soyuz TM-22, Soyuz TM-31/STS-102, Soyuz TM-34/Soyuz TM-33
• Yuri Glazkov (1939–2008) — Soyuz 24
• Viktor Gorbatko — Soyuz 7, Soyuz 24, Soyuz 37/36
• Georgi Grechko (1931-2017) — Soyuz 17, Soyuz 26/27, Soyuz T-14/13
• Aleksei Gubarev — Soyuz 17, Soyuz 28

• Aleksandr Ivanchenkov — Soyuz 29/31, Soyuz-T-6
• Anatoli Ivanishin — Soyuz TMA-22, Soyuz-MS-01

• Aleksandr Kaleri* — Soyuz TM-14, Soyuz TM-24, Soyuz TM-30, Soyuz TMA-3, Soyuz TMA-01M
• Yevgeny Khrunov (1933–2000) — Soyuz 5/4
• Leonid Kizim* (1941–2010) — Soyuz T-3, Soyuz T-10/11, Soyuz T-15
• Pyotr Klimuk* — Soyuz 13, Soyuz 18, Soyuz 30
• Vladimir Komarov (1927–1967), Died during reentry. — Voskhod 1, Soyuz 1
• Yelena V. Kondakova — Soyuz TM-20/STS-84
• Dmitri Kondratyev — Soyuz TMA-20
• Oleg Kononenko* — Soyuz TMA-12, Soyuz TMA-03M, Soyuz TMA-17M
• Mikhail Korniyenko — Soyuz TMA-18, Soyuz TMA-16M
• Valery Korzun — Soyuz TM-24, STS-111/113
• Oleg Kotov* — Soyuz TMA-10, Soyuz TMA-17, Soyuz TMA-10M
• Vladimir Kovalyonok* — Soyuz 25, Soyuz 29/31, Soyuz T-4
• Konstantin Kozeyev — Soyuz TM-33/32
• Sergei Krikalev — Soyuz TM-7, Soyuz TM-12/ Soyuz TM-13, STS-60, STS-88, Soyuz TM-31/STS-102, Soyuz TMA-6
• Valeri Kubasov — Soyuz 6, Soyuz 19, Soyuz 36/35

• Aleksandr Laveykin — Soyuz TM-2
• Vasili Lazarev (1928–1990) — Soyuz 12, Soyuz 18a
• Aleksandr Lazutkin — Soyuz TM-25
• Valentin Lebedev — Soyuz 13, Soyuz T-5/7
• Aleksei Leonov — Voskhod 2 (first walk in space), Soyuz 19
• Anatoli Levchenko* (1941–1988) — Soyuz TM-4/3
• Yuri Lonchakov* — STS-100, Soyuz TMA-1/TM-34, Soyuz TMA-13
• Vladimir Lyakhov* — Soyuz 32/34, Soyuz T-9, Soyuz TM-6/5

• Oleg Makarov (1933–2003) — Soyuz 12, Soyuz 18a, Soyuz 27/26, Soyuz T-3
• Yuri Malenchenko* — Soyuz TM-19, STS-106, Soyuz TMA-2, Soyuz TMA-11, Soyuz TMA-05M, Soyuz-TMA-19M
• Yury Malyshev (1941–1999) — Soyuz T-2, Soyuz T-11/10
• Gennadi Manakov — Soyuz TM-10, Soyuz TM-16
• Musa Manarov* — Soyuz TM-4/6, Soyuz TM-11
• Alexander Misurkin — Soyuz TMA-08M
• Boris Morukov (1950—2015) — STS-106
• Talgat Musabayev* — Soyuz TM-19, Soyuz TM-27, Soyuz TM-32/31

• Grigori Nelyubov (1934-1966) — Didepak dari program Vostok; tidak terbang.
• Andriyan Nikolayev (1929–2004) — Vostok 3, Soyuz 9
• Oleg Novitski* — Soyuz TMA-06M

• Yuri Onufrienko* — Soyuz TM-23, STS-108/111
• Aleksey Ovchinin —Soyuz-TMA-20M

• Gennady Padalka — Soyuz TM-28, Soyuz TMA-4, Soyuz TMA-14, Soyuz TMA-04M, Soyuz TMA-16M
• Viktor Patsayev* (1933–1971), died in reentry. — Soyuz 11
• Aleksandr Poleshchuk — Soyuz TM-16
• Valeri Polyakov — Soyuz TM-6/7, Soyuz TM-18/20
• Leonid Popov* — Soyuz 35/37, Soyuz 40, Soyuz T-7/5
• Pavel Popovich* (1930-2009) — Vostok 4, Soyuz 14

• Sergei Revin — Soyuz TMA-04M
• Roman Romanenko — Soyuz TMA-15, Soyuz TMA-07M
• Yuri Romanenko — Soyuz 26/27, Soyuz 38, Soyuz TM-2/3
• Valery Rozhdestvensky — Soyuz 23
• Nikolai Rukavishnikov (1932–2002) — Soyuz 10, Soyuz 16, Soyuz 33
• Sergei Ryazanski — Soyuz TMA-10M
• Valery Ryumin — Soyuz 25, Soyuz 32/34, Soyuz 35/37, STS-91

• Aleksandr Samokutyayev — Soyuz TMA-21, Soyuz TMA-14M
• Gennadi Sarafanov (1942–2005) — Soyuz 15
• Viktor Savinykh — Soyuz T-4, Soyuz T-13/14, Soyuz-TM-3
• Svetlana Savitskaya — Soyuz T-7/5, Soyuz T-12
• Aleksandr Serebrov (1944-2013) — Soyuz T-7/5, Soyuz T-8, Soyuz TM-8, Soyuz TM-17
• Yelena Serova — Soyuz TMA-14M
• Vitali Sevastyanov (1935–2010) — Soyuz 9, Soyuz 18
• Yuri Shargin — Soyuz TMA-5/4
• Salizhan Sharipov* — STS-89, Soyuz TMA-5
• Vladimir Shatalov* — Soyuz 4, Soyuz 8, Soyuz 10
• Anton Shkaplerov — Soyuz TMA-22, Soyuz TMA-15M

• 

  Georgi Shonin* (1935–1997) — Soyuz 6
• Oleg Skripochka – Soyuz TMA-01M
• Aleksandr Skvortsov — Soyuz TMA-18
• Anatoly Solovyev* — Soyuz TM-5/4, Soyuz TM-9, Soyuz TM-15, STS-71/Soyuz TM-21, Soyuz TM-26
• Vladimir Solovyov — Soyuz T-10/11, Soyuz T-15
• Gennadi Strekalov (1940–2004) — Soyuz T-3, Soyuz T-8, Soyuz T-11/10, Soyuz TM-10, Soyuz TM-21/STS-71
• Maksim Surayev — Soyuz TMA-16, Soyuz TMA-13M

• Yevgeni Tarelkin — Soyuz TMA-06M
• Valentina Tereshkova, Wanita pertama di luar angkasa. — Vostok 6
• Gherman Titov (1935–2000) — Vostok 2
• Vladimir Titov — Soyuz T-8, Soyuz TM-4/6, STS-63, STS-86
• Valeri Tokarev — STS-96, Soyuz TMA-7
• Sergei Treshchov — STS-111/113
• Vasili Tsibliyev* — Soyuz TM-17, Soyuz TM-25
• Mikhail Tyurin — STS-105/108, Soyuz TMA-9, Soyuz TMA-11M

• Yuri Usachov — Soyuz TM-18, Soyuz TM-23, STS-101, STS-102/STS-105

• Vladimir Vasyutin* (1952–2002) — Soyuz T-14
• Aleksandr Viktorenko* — Soyuz TM-3/2, Soyuz TM-8, Soyuz TM-14, Soyuz TM-20
• Pavel Vinogradov — Soyuz TM-26, Soyuz TMA-8
• Igor Volk* — Soyuz T-12
• Alexander Volkov* — Soyuz T-14, Soyuz TM-7, Soyuz TM-13, Soyuz TM-13
• Sergei Aleksandrovich Volkov* — Soyuz TMA-12, Soyuz TMA-02M
• Vladislav Volkov (1935–1971), Died on reentry. — Soyuz 7, Soyuz 11
• Boris Volynov — Soyuz 5, Soyuz 21

• Sergei Vozovikov (1958-1993) — Tidak terbang.

• Boris Yegorov (1937–1994) — Voskhod 1
• Aleksei Yeliseyev — Soyuz 5/4, Soyuz 8, Soyuz 10
• Fyodor Yurchikhin* — STS-112, Soyuz TMA-10, Soyuz TMA-19, Soyuz TMA-09M

• Dmitri Zaikin (1932-2013) — Tidak terbang.
• Sergei Zalyotin – Soyuz TM-30, Soyuz TMA-1/TM-34
• Vitali Zholobov* — Soyuz 21
• Vyacheslav Zudov — Soyuz 23

• Afghanistan: Abdul Ahad Mohmand — Soyuz TM-6/5
• Bulgaria:
  • Aleksandar Panayotov Aleksandrov — Soyuz TM-5/4
  • Georgi Ivanov — Soyuz 33
• Kuba: Arnaldo Tamayo Méndez — Soyuz 38
• Cekoslowakia: Vladimír Remek — Soyuz 28
• Jerman Timur: Sigmund Jähn — Soyuz 31/29
• Hungaria: Bertalan Farkas — Soyuz 36/35
• Mongolia: Jügderdemidiin Gürragchaa — Soyuz 39
• Polandia: Mirosław Hermaszewski — Soyuz 30
• Rumania: Dumitru Prunariu — Soyuz 40
• Vietnam: Phạm Tuân — Soyuz 37/36